GLYCEMIC CONTROL, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v8i2.8314Keywords:
Glycemic Control, Dyslipidemia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, The Management of Type 2 of Diabetes Mellitus and DyslipidemiaAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a persistent metabolic ailment marked by heightened blood glucose concentrations stemming from deficient insulin production or efficacy. Among the prevalent complications experienced by individuals afflicted with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease stands out prominently. Dyslipidemia manifests through elevated concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, and/or triglycerides, coupled with diminished HDL levels. This lipid disorder constitutes a significant contributor to the onset of cardiovascular disease. The present review endeavors to examine the interplay between glycemic regulation and dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers, while also elaborating on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities in depth. Numerous investigations have elucidated a robust correlation between glycemic management—especially as indicated by HbA1c measurements—and serum lipid compositions. Typically, suboptimal glycemic control correlates with irregularities in serum lipid profiles. Therapeutic agents, including metformin, acarbose, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone, demonstrate efficacy not merely in reducing blood glucose but also in ameliorating patients' serum lipid profiles. Conversely, statin administration remains the cornerstone of dyslipidemia treatment, supplemented by adjunctive therapies such as ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors when lipid objectives remain unattained. Non-pharmacological strategies likewise hold substantial importance, encompassing nutritional adjustments, consistent physical activity, and tobacco abstinence, each proven to markedly diminish dyslipidemia risk. In the future, prioritizing the amalgamation of glycemic oversight and dyslipidemia management in clinical settings is imperative. This encompasses ongoing patient enlightenment, systematic surveillance of metabolic indicators, and the adoption of empirically supported interventions that yield synergistic effects on glucose and lipid regulation. Such a paradigm embodies a crucial tactic for mitigating cardiovascular sequelae in this demographic. The research conducted was a literature review with a narrative review design. Based on the search result, 33 relevant articles were obtained for use in this narrative review.
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